Planet
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A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is neither a star nor its remnant.
Geology
As a general rule, bigger terrestrial planets will have a stronger tectonic activity: for the square-cube law, a bigger planet has a smaller surface relatively to its volume, and therefore leaks away less internal heat. It should have a large molten core rich in metals and radioactive elements (which release more heat), a thick mantle and a thin, brittle crust that is easily cracked by mantle convection. A large presence of water in the crust also contributes to tectonic activity, lubricating plates and making rocks more pliable.
Terrestrial
Rocky planets, like Earth.
Jovian
Gaseous planets, AKA, Gas Giants.